These chips have to meet all of the Federal EPA guidelines for emissions.
Which means that in 99% of your driving they do absolutely nothing as far as the engine goes. Subaru has spent a ton of research money developing their engine management computers and if a $70 aftermarket chip would make such a dramatic improvement, don't you think they'd've figured it out?
What these chips will do, providing you fill up with premium fuel, is tweak the timing and fuel delivery and whatever under wide open throttle (WOT). Under WOT conditions, emissions takes a back seat to maximizing engine performance. Why? Because the EPA views this as an "emergency" condition and the chances the engine is going to be operated under this condition are far and few. And this is were these "performance" chips do all their tweaking and how they can legitimately claim the boosted HP and Torque figures.
The one thing these chips can tweak unrestrained is the transmission. Most cars have automatics these days and the chip can tweak the tranny every which way come Sunday. Why? Because it has *zero* effect on emissions. It also gives the rube who emptied his wallet a sense they are in fact getting that boost in HP. Shifts are firmer, faster. The tranny holds each gear a bit longer and the lockup feature is delayed. It will make the needle on the oh- so accurate measure of HP, the "Butt Dyno", swing farther into the "happy zone" with the *perception* you're crankin' out a lot more go.
Mileage improvements? I seriously doubt it. Again, if the factory could get 10% better mileage using the technology of this chip, don't you think they would've?