I was looking for the speed volume control on my 2017 Touring with the HK system with NAV and couldn't find it. This appears to confirm that, at least for the HK/NAV unit, there is no user adjustable setting to adjust the volume based on speed.
I also found this thread on an Outback forum that seems to confirm the same thing:
Speed Control Volume - Subaru Outback - Subaru Outback Forums
I also found this thread on an Outback forum that seems to confirm the same thing:
Speed Control Volume - Subaru Outback - Subaru Outback Forums